Hailstorms naturally make you worried about your roof, especially flat roofs. This is because the angle of hail impact on your flat roof is more direct, increasing the risk of flat roof hail damage.
Hail damage isn’t always obvious at first glance, and ignoring it could lead to bigger problems. Hailstorms leave your roof with damage ranging from tiny dents to more serious cracks which can compromise the structure of your roof.
Flat roofs, in particular, have their own unique challenges when it comes to hail damage. The good news? You can inspect your roof safely, identify damage early, and get ahead of repairs safely with the right steps.
Hail Damage on Flat Roofs
Flat roofs are practical and often cost-effective, but their design makes them more exposed to certain types of weather damage. Unlike sloped roofs, flat roofs don’t allow hail to roll off as easily, meaning the impact is often more direct and widespread.
When hail strikes, the force it carries can vary depending on its size, the wind speed, and how long the storm lasts. This concentrated impact can lead to issues you might not notice right away.
What Makes Flat Roofs Vulnerable to Hail
Flat roofs have their own strengths, but certain features make them more prone to hail damage. Their horizontal surface is an obvious factor, but the materials used also play a big role.
The roofs can be made of modified bitumen, PVC, EPDM, or TPO, and each material reacts differently to hail. Some may show immediate signs of damage, like cracks or punctures, while others may develop hidden problems that only become noticeable later.
Flat roofs often rely on proper drainage systems to handle rain and snow, but hail can block these systems or cause water to pool. Over time, this pooling can weaken the roof and lead to leaks or other issues.
Types of Hail Damage
After a hailstorm, spotting damage on your flat roof might not be as simple as it sounds. Some signs are obvious, but others are more subtle and can easily go unnoticed.
| Type of Damage | Description | Potential Consequences |
|---|---|---|
| Surface Dents | Small depressions on metal or membrane surfaces | Weakens protective layers, increasing vulnerability to future storms |
| Cracks & Tears | Visible fractures in the roofing material, especially in PVC, TPO, and bitumen roofs | Allows water penetration, leading to leaks and mold growth |
| Membrane Punctures | Hailstones piercing the roof membrane | Leads to water intrusion and insulation damage |
| Seam Separation | Hail impact causing seams to loosen or split apart | Reduces waterproofing, increasing the risk of leaks |
| Pooling Water | Hail damage to drainage systems, preventing proper runoff | Increases structural load and accelerates material degradation |
Your roof’s material can help show you how the damage appears. For example, hail might leave dents on metal surfaces, cracks on rubber membranes, or granule loss on asphalt layers.
1. Surface Dents and Cracks
Surface dents are often found on metal components of your roof, like flashing or drip edges. If your roof has a membrane layer, look for cracks or tears caused by the impact.
Even small surface imperfections can weaken the material over time, making it more susceptible to leaks and further damage. Inspect any protective coatings for signs of peeling, blistering, or chipping.
Hail can compromise these coatings, exposing the layers underneath to weather elements. Once the surface protection is damaged, the roof is more vulnerable to wear and tear, especially during the next storm.
2. Membrane Damage and Punctures
Hail can create punctures or holes in the roof’s membrane, which might not be immediately obvious. These issues often show up as small, localized spots where the material has been pierced or compressed.
If water starts seeping into these punctures, it can lead to long-term problems like mold growth or weakened insulation. Pay close attention to seams and joints, as these are common areas for hail damage.
Any separation or lifting at the seams should be addressed quickly to avoid water intrusion. If your roof has skylights or vents, check around these fixtures for cracks or dents, as hail often targets these vulnerable points.
3. Hidden Issues You Might Miss
Not all hail damage is visible right away. Over time, small cracks or dents can lead to moisture infiltration, which shows up later as water stains, leaks, or even sagging ceilings inside the building.
You might also notice unusual temperature fluctuations indoors if insulation has been compromised. Take note of any pooling water on your roof, as it could be a sign that hail has damaged the drainage system.
Clogged or broken downspouts and gutters are another potential sign of hail damage.
Steps to Repair Hail Damage on Your Flat Roof
Once you’ve identified hail damage on your roof, repairing them gets your roof functional. You need to know how to prioritize repairs, use certain tools or when to leave it to the professionals.
You may be able to handle minor fixes on your own, but more significant repairs often require professional expertise.
1. Temporary Fixes
Start by addressing any immediate concerns to prevent further damage. For example, if you spot a puncture or crack, consider applying a waterproof sealant or patching tape as a temporary measure.
These quick fixes can keep moisture out until you’re able to complete a more permanent repair. Remove any debris from the roof, especially around damaged areas, to ensure the problem doesn’t worsen.
If water is pooling due to hail-damaged drainage, use a squeegee or pump to clear the standing water. Temporary fixes won’t solve the entire problem, but they buy you time to plan for long-term solutions.
2. Permanent Repairs
Once temporary fixes are in place, it’s time to focus on restoring your roof fully. Depending on the extent of the damage, you might need to replace damaged sections of the membrane, reseal seams, or even install new flashing.
For larger areas of damage, professional repairs may be your best option to ensure the roof is properly reinforced. If the protective coating on your roof has been compromised, consider reapplying or upgrading it to a more impact-resistant option.
This not only repairs existing damage but also provides added protection against future storms.
How to Choose the Right Materials for Repairs
Make sure to choose products that are compatible with your roof’s existing structure and material type.Start by identifying the type of material your roof is made from, as this will guide your repair decisions.
| Roofing Material | Hail Resistance | Common Signs of Damage |
|---|---|---|
| TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin) | Moderate | Cracks, punctures, seam separation |
| EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer – Rubber Roofs) | Moderate | Punctures, compression marks, surface tears |
| PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) | Moderate to High | Cracking, fractures, worn-out seams |
| Modified Bitumen | Moderate | Granule loss, surface dents, soft spots |
| Built-Up Roofing (BUR – Gravel or Tar Roofs) | High | Displacement of gravel, cracks in the tar layers |
| Metal Roofing | High | Dents, paint chipping, surface distortions |
- EPDM (rubber membrane): Requires specific adhesives and patches designed for flexible rubber surfaces.
- TPO and PVC (thermoplastic membranes): Often repaired using heat-welded patches for seamless integration.
- Modified bitumen or asphalt roofs: Best fixed with compatible sealants or torch-applied patches.
Using incompatible materials can weaken your roof and lead to further damage. If you’re hiring a contractor, ask about the materials they plan to use and why.
Quality materials can make a big difference in how well your roof performs after repairs.
Preventing Hail Damage in the Future
While hailstorms can’t be avoided, there are steps you can take to reduce their impact on your flat roof. A well-maintained roof with added defenses is far less likely to sustain significant damage, even in harsh weather.
Simple upgrades, regular maintenance, and smarter material choices can go a long way.
1. Installing Protective Roof Coatings
A protective coating acts as a barrier, absorbing the impact of hailstones and reducing the risk of punctures or surface damage. Options like elastomeric or polyurethane coatings are particularly effective, as they provide flexibility and strength to withstand harsh weather.
If your roof already has a coating, make sure it’s inspected regularly to ensure it remains intact. Over time, coatings can wear down, especially in areas with frequent storms.
Reapplying a fresh layer as needed keeps your roof in optimal condition and ready to handle whatever nature throws at it.
2. Maintenance Tips
Start by scheduling routine inspections to catch minor issues before they grow. Clear debris, check drainage systems, and ensure seams and joints remain sealed.
A clean, well-maintained roof is better equipped to handle the force of hailstorms. Trim back overhanging tree branches near your roof to reduce the risk of falling debris during storms.
Check for signs of aging or wear in your roofing material. If you notice thinning layers or cracks, look into it so that you won’t have to work on it when it becomes significant damage.
3. Upgrading to Impact-Resistant Roofing Materials
If your current roof has reached the end of its lifespan or has been heavily damaged, consider upgrading to impact-resistant materials. Modern roofing options, such as reinforced membranes or heavy-duty metal sheets, are specifically designed to handle severe weather conditions.
Look for materials with high impact ratings, as these have been tested to withstand hail of various sizes. You can also explore roofing systems with built-in insulation or underlayment layers that provide additional cushioning.
When to File an Insurance Claim for Hail Damage
Dealing with hail damage to your flat roof can be stressful, especially when deciding whether to involve your insurance company. Filing a claim isn’t always necessary for minor damage, but if the repairs are extensive or costly, your insurance policy can help offset the expense.
Filing a claim prematurely for minor issues could lead to higher premiums without significant benefits. On the other hand, waiting too long to file could result in denied claims, especially if more damage occurs in the meantime.
1. Documenting the Damage Properly
Take clear, detailed photos and videos of the affected areas, including close-ups of dents, cracks, or punctures, as well as wide shots of the entire roof. Don’t forget to document related issues like clogged drainage systems, water pooling, or interior water damage caused by leaks.
Create a written record of the damage, noting the date and time of the hailstorm and any visible issues you noticed immediately after. This documentation provides essential evidence for your claim and ensures the insurer has a clear picture of the situation.
2. Tips for Working with Your Insurance Company
Before filing a claim, review your insurance policy to understand what is covered and what your deductible is. If the cost of repairs is less than your deductible, it might be better to pay out of pocket rather than file a claim.
Once you’re ready to file, contact your insurance company as soon as possible. Many policies have time limits for reporting damage, so acting quickly is crucial. Be prepared to provide your documentation and answer any questions about the storm and the damage.
It’s also a good idea to get a professional roof inspection before filing a claim. A contractor’s assessment can confirm the extent of the damage and provide a repair estimate, which can strengthen your case with the insurer.
3. Knowing Your Coverage
Hail damage is usually covered under most homeowners or commercial property insurance policies, but it’s important to understand the specifics of your coverage. Some policies may have exclusions for cosmetic damage, meaning repairs for surface dents might not be reimbursed.
Other policies might require you to meet a higher deductible for weather-related claims. If your claim is approved, the insurer will either reimburse you for the repair costs or pay the contractor directly.
If it’s denied, ask for a detailed explanation and review your policy to ensure the denial is accurate. In some cases, appealing the decision or hiring a public adjuster can help you get the coverage you need.
7 Benefits of Hail-Resistant Roofing in Denver
Understanding how hail affects flat roofs and how to inspect for signs of damage helps you take control of hail damage. Choosing materials designed to withstand hail minimizes the stress of dealing with repairs after every storm.
These roofs can handle the impact, provide better energy efficiency, and extend the lifespan of your building. Prioritizing hail-resistant solutions helps you embrace the benefits of smarter roofing choices.
You can protect your roof through protective coatings and being active in maintenance, but a quick solution is investing in hail-resistant roofing.
